Cultural representation in the Media

AbstractThe relationship amid the media and finis has long been a base of controversial debate. This study addresses this concern by evaluating two United region media outlets coverage of the same shell witht the lens of ethnic and ideology. With indications of unbroken hammers of social govern and refer, the evidence in this study is a mix of faux pas study and academic re office. The results demonstrate a wide acceptance of ethnical and institutional manipulation on the part of the media mechanism, with a fall out testimony to seek several cut off newspapers of the same instance in install to feel richy in takeed. This study has the potential to be relevant to cultural and inter domainal integration studies.IntroductionIn our world of jackpot communication, media put up made a in truth special place for itself in our lives. Representing coatings utilizing peck media such as television coverage, word of honorpaper reporting and the technological advances of the profit has made communication among demesnes possible, yet, unique to separately separate region and culture (Schaffner, 2008). Media pushovers a very signifi brush offt enjoyment by resulting each separate cosmos to experience the travails of the world-wide community, through the lens of understandable context. Yet, the very nature of each of the unique cultures impacts the way in which the same event may be examined by the competing realises of media coverage (Schaffner, 2008). Base attitudes and approaches go away protest depending on the social expectations of the consumer population.This analysis pull up stakes begin with a inquiry of the variants of an excerpt of ibn Talal Hussein Husseins trial by the casual telegraphy and The Independent in 2004. Assessing the case-by-case approach of each of these outlets go forth lead to a credible analysis of how these media approaches were used for different purposes. pursual this segment, the study go away turn to the single-valued function of translation in the fruit of news denominations as easily as the vestigial diffusion of study.In the end, this study willing induce examined past practice, present implementation and future(a) potential with the stated goal of determining the impact that cultural mission has in the media.Past efforts of Cultural Representation in the MediaEvery nation in the international bena possesses a media outlet that allows for a make water of large scale communication (Venuti, 2012). Utilizing this media access allows for a wide score of critical national and societal initiatives to be widely disseminated among the relevant populations. The push-down store media play an important function in mediating amidst politicians and the general bothday (Venuti 2012)).This point illustrates that a main path for governmental in mixtureation to choke the intended target is from a form of modern media. The energy to read, view or listen to a report of the topic is ballparkly preferable to attending the actual event itself (Schaffner, 2008). The power to compact information in a behavior that can be quickly and easily digested by the consumer is a intro of the immanent value of all form of media. However, the choice of the media content varies due to the voice, producer and consumer expectations relevant to that particular outlet (Schaffner, 2008). two culture and media thrive on an inclusive relationship with the population (Zlatar, 2003). The underlying value that exists in the media outlet lies in their ability to reach the populace. The inadequacy of a product that appeals to a large section of the target population lowers the value of the media outlet. cod to the increased drive to integrate on a global level cultural values and differences argon increasingly microscopical and have the potential to impact every aspect of any media subroutine (Zlater, 2003). Language is the primary method that the media out lets reach their target audience, making the role of adapter essential to their form of reporting (Zlater, 2003). News outlets and the growth of interviewing citizenry depend on the selection of translator and linguistic competence and preferences (Cecilia, 2009). When broadcasters mouth foreign languages translation and interpretation atomic number 18 both crucial, and culturally influenced in the routine of conveying the subject (Zlater, 2003). The responsibility for correct translation and dispersal is entirely dependent on the knowledge, ideology and integrity of the media outlet.The UK media outlet the nonchalant telegraph and The Independent in 2004, have each provided two culturally varied translations of the same context. Varied approaches to the same account in the media ar an illustration of cultural representation and societal values as mum by the individual organizations (Schaffner, 2008). This is the very concept that creates the detection of differing med ia reports regarding the same series of events. modern-day cultural representation in the MediaThe media has, in feature, been called the fourth solid ground (Schaffner and Bassnet, 2010). The speed in which a message has the ability to reach as wide an audience as possible determines the values of the media outlet (Schaffner and Bassnett, 2010). As the world wide culture has embraced innovation, technology has vastly increased the ability of the various forms of media to express their product. The accuracy and strategies of the translation are important in every case, whether it is in print, on screen or online with the medias ideological and policy-making leanings reflected in their product (Schaffner and Bassnett, 2010). Yet, taking account the political understate of the resource and the media itself, there are cultural factors behind the translation and dissemination of information (Bielsa, 2007). While translation is nearly in unmistakable in the media reports this doe s non mean there is cultural impartiality in the process of translation.Modern studies of media and their associated translation of material have grown significantly due to the role this mechanism serves in bridging gaps between cultures (Schaffner and Bassnett, 2010). Media enables communication across languages as well as the force to promote free populations mutual understanding. The relation between media and translation occurs in a wide range of contexts such as the press, TV or the internet (Schaffner and Bassnett, 2010). variation in every individual culture is a critical element in the media dissemination process that involves the direct interaction and understanding between cultures. News agencies commonly work translation and select translators without knowing his or her ideological background (Magder, 2004). The none of the translation in reporting news ask to be interpreted into account by the news agency and the media due to the potential obstacles that can b e created (Magder, 2004).AnalysisThe media is argued to be viewed through a cultural perception (Bassnet, 2004). Each news item presented by the mass media, in any form, is only their unique representation and interpretation of the event, not necessarily the full or complete picture. Each someone, reporter or journalist will experience the event in their own manner, producing their work according to their innate understanding (Bassnet, 2004). Utilizing the spoken word, literature and cultural instruments this unintentionally dyed information is passed on to the consumer through the news outlet. The journalists and those who work to gather the information and finally produce news are professional, yet, each person and organization is stem to their own ethical and value standards found on their cultural inheritance (Bassnet, 2004). A priority mustinessiness be placed on clear translation in the production of international news. This is an indication of importance for not only the translation functions, just now also transferring the news across linguistic and cultural boundaries (Bassnet, 2004).In order to assess this concept this study will take the two examples of the translated excerpt from the trial of the precedent dictator of the Iraki regime, ibn Talal Hussein Hussein. These passages have been translated, emended and therefore publish in the daily Telegraph as well as the Independent in 2004. Translation plays a fundamental role in the transfer of news rough the world and at the same time different definitions of the translation are being used by both layperson and experts (Bassnet, 2004). This is a demonstration that items from one language cannot easily being replaced into another. The translator is transferring the meaning between languages, and cultural clarity is not always present as this process unfolds (Bassnet, 2004). The news reporter often includes non-practical parts or culturally biased elements of a story during the process of translation in order to tack the expectations of the consumers. The often varied and often diverse opinions present in the mass media indicate a need for universal ethics standards.The first redact transcript of the first administration of the dictator ibn Talal Hussein Hussein which is published in the IndependentThe Independent, 2 July 2004The arbitrator opened proceedings by asking ibn Talal Hussein for his name.ibn Talal Hussein. Hussein Majid, the president of the Republic of Iraq.The settle then asks his date of birth.ibn Talal Hussein 1937 referee ProfessionFormer president of the Republic of Iraq?ibn Talal Hussein No, present. Current. Its the will of the people. evaluator The head of the Baath party that is dissolve, defunct. Former commander and chief(prenominal) of the army. Residence is Iraq. Your mothers name?ibn Talal Hussein Sobha, you also have to introduce yourself to me.Judge Mr Saddam, I am the investigative umpire of the key court of Iraq.Saddam So t hat I have to know, you are investigative judge of the central court of IraqWhat resolution, what law formed this court?The judges response could not be heard.The Daily Telegraph, 2 July 2004Judge Are you the former president of Iraq?Saddam I am Saddam Hussein, president of Iraq.Judge (to court clerk) put down former in brackets.Saddam I am the president of the republic so you should not stripe me of my title to put me on trial.Judge You are the ex-leader of Iraq and the ex-leader of the dissolved armed forces. Were you the leader of the Baath party and head of the armed forces?Saddam Yes. Ive introduced myself to you but you havent introduced yourself to me. So who are you.Judge I am a judge of the criminal court of Iraq.Saddam So you repress Iraqis under the orders of the federation Do you represent the American coalition?Reading both edited transcriptions that had been published in in the competing British newspapers in 2004 prodcued several interesting questions. To what extent do these printed versions differWhat cultural factors play a role in this differenceWhy are they different in harm of information and the structure of the question The first version, which is published in the Independent, says that the judges response could not be heard, eon in the imprimatur version the judge is clearly heard giving instruction to the court clerk. This attention or lack of attention to detail is an indication of cultural awareness (Bassnet, 2004). After the event was over, the translators text was compared to the semiofficial transcript which illustrated that information was missing and that this text did not contain every element of the conversation. Bassnett (2004) states that during the hearings and sessions the translators are busy producing their own versions. This is an indication that media outlets are severely dependent on the transcripts of the translator. This point of influence on the part of the translator is very important, as each cultural int erpretation depends on the message (Bassnett 2004).Further in the event the judge asks for his mothers name, but in the Daily Telegraph this point is not mentioned. How far we should effrontery the translators and the subsequent reporting by the mediaThis process of questionable translation is common in a country similar to Iraq which contains different religions and political backgrounds (Bassnett 2004). The ability to find a quality person to fill the role of translator is difficult due to the cultural affiliation to inherent differences in the views of their associated political parties.Another notable difference between both versions, and cultural approaches, is that the person in the first version is a powerful judge that refers to Saddams role as a former chief of the army, while in the second version the same concept is approached as a form of a question. This is a clear demonstration of cultural judicial separation due to the interpretation of the event by the separate media outlets (Bassnett 2004). Each news agency has different policies, conventions and styles in their production of news which highlight these differences. inwardly every individual organization will be an understanding that is based on information passed between cultures (Bassnett, 2004).The cultural differences become much visible as we read, with more transcripts available in Appendix A. According to the Independent, Saddam refused to sign the documents and both he and the judge were quarrelling about that. The Daily Telegraph reported this same set fo occurences differently. This is direct cultural reflectance of the mood the readers expected to see and the willingness of the outlet to accomodate this (Bassnett, 2004). The Independent approached this in a more adversarial nature, while the Daily Telegraph sought to portray Saddam has more approachable. Moreover, Saddams watch over in his final gossip with the guards that was not recorded in the Independent version is a set ahead indication of the cultural dissemination of information based on the demands of the readers (Bassnett, 2004). The remark in the Telegraph enabled a sense of pity to be communicated culturally, while the absence of this element in the Independent eliminated this.DiscussionDespite the fact that we have two different English translations of a transcript in a court session that took place in Arabic, different edited and translation processes have taken place based on the cultural ideologies (Bassnett, 2004). The strategies of the translation that were used for the Independent are more likely to be culturally foreign to the UK as well as much more complex. Due to the nature of the associated readership, this outlet documents the many challenges that Saddam made to the judges, lucubrate the adversarial nature of the proceedings. Conversely, the culture associated with the Daily Telegraph expects another variety of reporting, a kinder and wider approach to the story.The version of the same set of events in the Daily Telegraph is shorter and domesticated, a hallmark of the method in which the populace absorbs information (Bassnett, 2004). Saddam in this version does not appear as a former dictator but like a simple man who addresses the judge through his answers and attitudes. Saddam uses (would) which is a question word that often begins a lot of questions and ask for something. This is a direct representation of the cultural influence present in the writing the underlying effort is to portray Saddam as demonstrating a gentle quality in the courtroom by saying I am not interfering with your responsibilities. This is a form of outreach that is directly related to the cultural need to empathize with Saddam (Bassnett, 2004).The role played by the translation of material in international news provides the link between politics and the media in both cultures (Bassnett, 2004). The elements revealed by the media outlets will be utilized to galvanize the populac e in one form or fashion, thereby driving the governmental approach. Media reports about political events are always forms of re-contextualisation, and any re-contextualisation involves transformation and translation (Schaffner and Bassnett, 2010). Each of the separate cultures will have a unique interpretation of these elements. Cultural difference commonly occurs when a text is shifted for obscure political purposes or the translator attempts to reorient the meaning in a way to serve the affiliated party. This form of cultural bias by the translator may have a great impact in the transfer of the meaning and the gist of the discussion and the message, thereby creating substantial obstacles (Schaffner and Bassnett, 2010).Each of the media outlets as well as the subordinate cultures approaches the aspects of reporting and journalists ethics as an intensive research need (Schaffner and Bassnett. 2010). subjectivity and loyalty to the source text and ethics has a direct impact on th e quality of media products, yet the quantity of each component rests in the values of the culture. This fact reflects the desire for the news agency and media outlet to take note cultural and national credibility at every level (Schaffner and Bassnett, 2010). This is achieved through the accurate portrayal of world events through the lens of the associated cultural expectations. The international community depends on the media in terms of gaining information about the political state and cultural values and all socio-cultural norms (Schaffner and Bassnett, 2010). Yet, every story must be interpreted utilizing the known population variables that lie behind each writer.In countries where governments interfere with the freedom of the press and sometimes the lack of freedom of expression occur, the media cannot broadcast and work independently (Poyatos, 1997). The culture of a nation will be familiar with the limits, thereby creating an unspoken form of boundaries. This regulatory environment can become another impediment to the accuracy of the translation (Poyatos, 1997). As news about a country is published in various newspapers some adjustments and reshaping is done due to the oversight environment, culture and ideology. A possible solution for this condition would be to create an environment in which no government should intervene into the media affairs and media should be totally independent (Poyatos, 1997). However, the values of the writers, publishers and readers will have to be taken in to continuous consideration.Public relations professionals help to shape news content in national and local news media, based on the values of the consumers (Fletcher 2006 Franklin 1997). Due to the changes in political situations and relations between countries the news content major power not be addressed exactly in every case, as illustrated by the Telegraph and Independent study. This is a reflection of the cultural constraints that must be taken into account for each individual nation in order to continually meet each unique regional need (Franklin, 1997). Freedom of the press does not mean the independence of any media channel governments and the population are responsible for laying the foundation for a prolific relationship between media the freedom of expression.In ConclusionTranslation plays a fundamental role in the transfer of different types of news nigh the world. The veracity of the translation and truthfulness of the translator are matters of primary concern. The societal values and cultural differences of the authors, editors and organization are exposed with every article or broadcast. From the perspective of translation studies this lack of cohesiveness is an issue and has the potential to have substantial ramifications both politically and culturally.The relationship between culture and media is one of inclusion, very much related to each other. In addition, media confers the capacity to reach a large audience in a manner that is efficient and effective. Mass media has, and will continue to have an impact on every person in each nation in the form of Internet, printing papers, Televisions and radios. The information and news passing between different cultures via the media are reshaped, reinterpreted and then republished. Therefore, transforming media representations entails a new way of thinking about media practice.Media as a communication tool should be situated as institutions that allow for cultural development and the protection of cultural diversity. Further, mass media institutions need to be aware every aspect of the cultural contraints and expectations of the underlying society. Yet, in the end, as in all things, it lies with the reader, viewer or person subject to the media report to judge independantly the veracity of the opinion. ReferencesBassnett, S. (2004). Trusting reporters What exactly did Saddam sayThe Linguist, 43(6).176-178.Bielsa, E. (2007). Translation in global news agencies . Target 19(1). 135155.Wadensjo , C ? (2009). Clintons gag On Translation and Communication in TV News. CTIS daily papers (Maltby. Ed.) Vole 4Fletcher, K. (2006). A Fine Line between Journalism and PR in MediaFranklin, B. (1997). Newszak and News Media. LondonMagder, T. (2004). Transnational media, intercultural handle and the idea of cultural diversity. Continuum Journal of Media and Cultural Studies, 18 (3), 380397.Poyatos, F. (1997). gestural communication and translation. capital of The Netherlands John Benjamins.Schaffner, C. (2008). The Prime Minister said Voices in translated political texts. In SYNAPS Fagsprak, Kommunikasjon, Kulturkunnskap 22/2008 (University Bergen), pp. 3-25.Schaffner, C. and Bassnett, S. (2010). Political Discourse, Media and Translation Cambridge Scholars Publishing.Venuti, L. (2012). The Translators Invisibility. Hoboken Taylor and Francis.Zlatar, A. (2003). The role of the media as an instrument of cultural policy, an inter-level facilitator and image promoter Amsterdam &038 ECUMEST Association, Bucharest.