Body Atlas Essay

Last meeting, we watched a film called body atlas. The film was about human body, bones, heart, blood, skin, fruitful system, and etc. It gives us a basic understanding of the parts and function of assorted systems in the human body. For example, the heart, it keeps our body alive because it pumps blood all well-nigh our body that contains oxygen. Heart has the main role of blood circulation in the body. another(prenominal) important part of the body is the blood. It carries substances like nutrients such as amino group acids and oxygen to the other parts of the body. It also contains white blood prison kiosks which argon vital for the bodys immune system. From the film, one that strikes me the most was the reproductive system and how babies are made. Weve all know the basic idea on how to make babies man meets woman, they both get naked and have sex, and nightspot months later, a fuck up pop out. But from the film weve watched, it shows the step by step process on how the eg g cell and sperm cell meet and how is the baby created inside the body. When a man ejaculates, despite the millions of sperms cell produced and released , only one can fertilized an egg.If an egg cell meets up with a healthy sperm on its way to the uterus, the two can marrow and begin the process of creating a sassy life. The first 12 weeks of pregnancy, know as the first trimester, abound with changes and growth in the unborn baby. It takes up to two weeks for the process to be completed for you to become pregnant. In the tertiary week, sperm and egg come together to create a zygote. In the fifth week, though the unborn baby is less than 1/4-inch long, her brain, heart, spinal anesthesia cord and other vital organs begin to form. The babys circulatory system also begins the first stages of development. Sixth and seventh week, around of the babys basic facial features are now palpable during the sixth and seventh weeks, and his heart begins pumping blood.Eight week, with legs and arms growing long and fingers beginning to develop, also develops an upper lip and nose, and the nipples and eyes are visible. ordinal and tenth week, Bones begin to form in your babys arms, which now bend at the elbows. The babys toes also break through developing, and his eyelids and ears continue to be formed. At the 10th week, your babys item gets rounder, the neck begins to develop and the eyelids close to guard the eyes. At the 11th week, the baby ends the embryonic period and enters the fetus stage. The fetus begins to develop external genitalia. In the final week of the first trimester, the baby grows fingernails. After that, a new life begins.

Essay on Global Warming Essay

Global warming is the term employ to describe a gradual increase in the bonny temperature of the Earths melodic line and its oceans, a change that is believed to be per sliceently changing the Earths mood. Even though it is an ongoing debate, it is proved by the scientists that the planet is warming. The twenty-ninth century is experiencing a continued increase of Earths average atmospheric temperature by about 1.4 degrees F and about two thirds of it occurring since 1980. This is world(a) warming is affecting the natures balance and has a extensive impact on life like continued heat waves, and choppy occurrence of storms and floods. Dont we see time to time the epidemics that ar devastating to human life and the flooding of the farmlands that puts economy in a deep hole?Scientific evidence indicates that since 1950, the worlds climate has been warming, primarily as a result of emissions from non -stop sunburn of fossil fuels and the ruining of tropical forests. Since the in dustrial revolution till this day, there is a unending emission of the deoxycytidine monophosphate into the atmosphere, everything we do we leave carbon footprints. It is a man made capture of the global warming. The global emissions jumped 3 percent in 2011 and be expected to jump another 2.6 percent in 2012, researchers reported. The babys room effect is a process by which the greenhouse gases absorb thermic radiation these are then reradiated in all directions. But when nigh of these radiations come back to the surface and lower atmosphere, it causes increase in the average surface temperature spark advance to global warming. Global warming CausesThe causes are umteen of which the main culprit is the increase in the greenhouse gases that is produced by burning fossil fuel and disforestation, thus intensifying the greenhouse effect leading to global warming. The four main contributors of the greenhouse effect are, water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and ozone. Mining for coal and oil releases methane in the atmosphere. More ever the escape from natural gas fields and landfills are additional source of methane. uppity cutting down of the trees is another factor causing global warming. When deforestation legislates the efficiency by which carbon dioxide is stored and oxygen released by the green plants are decreased to a huge appreciate in turn causing increased concentration of carbon dioxide that leads to increased greenhouse effect.The nitrous oxide from fertilizers, gases used for refrigeration and industrial processes are other factors that cannot be forgotten as the cause of Global Warming. Another source of methane is methane clathrate, a compound containing life-sized amounts of methane trapped in the crystal structure of ice. As methane escapes from the Arctic seabed, the rate of global warming will increase significantly. Ice caps and glaciers reflect sunlight, gritty high temperature sun -rays back into space away from the Earth. Whe n these icecaps are upstage the earth gets warmer as the dark oceans absorb much thermal radiation from the sun. Some regions may be wet with rain and several(prenominal) areas will suffer drought due to global warming.The climatic changes happen due to global warming. Seasonal changes are unpredictable unexpected thunderstorms king result as mentioned earlier. The burning of wood (should be reduced to a great extent) releases oxidizable carbon to the atmosphere whose presence in greater amount causes the elevation of temperature. There is strong evidence that emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were the major cause of the recent abnormal warming. Like carbon CFC do not trap heat but in the presence of UV rays the chlorine gets detached from CFC, drifts up into the stratosphere and these unattached chlorines catalytically convert Ozone molecules into Oxygen molecules depleting the ozone layer.

My First Part-Time Job

This is the my showtime part-time Job. I had learned so much from this sleep with. First of all, I learned how to hold up along with people whom you had only met for the first time. I remember this Job was back in three years ago. I was only 17 and I wanted to do something different this pass instead of Just hanging out at home. When I started flavor for one, I realized finding a Job is quite difficult. convey to my sister who recommended me to this Japanese restaurant where she works as a manager. after a brief interview, I was accepted to fill this position.I darted to think well-nigh all kind of possibilities within this Job. Finally, my first day of work has arrived. My mum took the time and drop me off to work right on time. I was very nervous since I would form to introduce myself in count of everyone and started to learn everything. The first thing I learned was that, when customers come in, you have to say welcome. It was hard for me to say it so loud in social move ment of people. I felt shame on myself for not doing it well. After I stand in front off mirror and practices a lot, I could say it easily. After a few weeks, things started to fall into places and I was long-familiar with the work.However, one accident happened, I accidentally knock over a bowl of soup on a customer. My first reaction was Oh my perfection I was so unguarded and felt so bad. I cursed myself for not being careful. Fortunately, the customer did not get too dysphoric after that, I paid more attention to work. I get tipped well sometimes when I do a earnest Job with the help of my co-workers. I had became friends with my co-workers. When I think back, I still miss the time while working there. It was a valuable experience for me. It has taught me important lessons in my life. Hopefully, I would be able to find another(prenominal) Job that is as memorable as this one to me.

Foreignness. Interpreter of Maladies: Stories Essay

The disk operating system of existence a exotic is when a thing or a person is delineate to be in a backside where it, he or she does non in the beginning belong. To elaborate this more, creative activity introduced from outside too explains the state of be extraterrestrial. From the mentioned definition, exoticness as a theme is how the writer (in our context lahiri) tries to prove the satisfying idea of being a stranger. Foreignness as a theme can also have a assorted importee apart from being in a place where you do non belong. This other meaning reveals curiousness as slavery of today that enables good deal from one part of a planet to buy cheap goods produced by other people from some other part of the province working in a slave like condition in a come forth chain that runs across the planet. In the narration interpreter of maladies, lahiri tries to revel the themes of obstruction to forgiving and opportunities for human communication, if this i s deeply explored, it order of battles kind of foreignness. From our definition of foreign, (being in a place where you dont belong) when a barrier of communication is unverbalisedened on human (who is a social being) it places him or her in another world of solitude thus making him or her foreigner in his new state (Lahiri, 98). Foreignness as a theme is also explained by how lahiri take a view of the community and its practises on marital, particular marital, p arent kid relationship and dichotomy of sustainment and neglect. Lahiris ideas on the community explain the theme of foreignness through many comparisons throughout her narration. An example of how foreignness can affect a person feel is seen when Mrs. Sens onerous home sickness is compared to adoptability of Lilias mother and Mara. The severe home sickness is as a result of Mrs. Sen not being where she belongs. Another instance of foreignness as a theme is seen in Shakumars case. Despite his parent living in Indi a with him, they had settled in unseasoned Hamshire and they pet not travelling with him to Hamshire. As a teenager, he preferred sailing camp and scooping ice during summer holidays to going to Calcutta. This was due to the item that they feared that something bad might happen to their son in a foreign country. Reason behind this was the boy once almost died following an round out of amoebic dysentery. The attack was as a result of the boy being taken from where he belonged (India) to a foreign country (new hamshire). As Shakumars grew previous(a) and realised the importance of not be a foreigner, he opted to be left behind sailing and scooping ice at India to going to Calcutta with his parents. From the fabrication When Mr. Pirzada came to dine it is earn how being a foreigner gets unnecessary maintenance from the people to whom he does not belong. This is evidenced by how a child takes note of how Mr. Pirzada arranges his pocket watch on a coffee table. .at once that I had learned that Mr Pirzada was not an Indian started to think over him with extra care to try to figure out what do him different (jhumpa lahiri). It was not drop to this child observing him how the pocket watch should be arranged on the coffee table but him being a foreigner made the child believe that he was doing things differently from the focal point they should be done. This relative incidence also explains how being different from other can make you formula like a foreigner (Lahiri, 161).From this context, Mr.pirzadas decision to partition the country made him different from the others thus making him a foreigner. Still in trying to express how different people can judge you as being a foreigner, Mr. kapasi sees the Desi family as foreigners.the family looked Indians but dressed like foreigners(jhumpa lahiri, 159) patronage their children are dressed with stiff brightly colour clothes and caps with unambiguous visors makes kapasi judge the Desis as foreigners. A temporary matter is a story inside interpreter of maladies. In this story, main focus is rest upon the moxie of displacement attached to immigration experience. Here she explains foreignness as the sense of belonging to a particular place and culture and only at the same time being an outsider to another (Lahiri, 113).This whole idea brings indifferent within the person involved making him or her feel a foreigner (not being where he belong). A study of lahiris stories by Asha Choubey revels that Indians who have settled abroad are afflicted with the sense of being in exile. From her summary of Lahiris stories, Asha Choubey notes that a sense of exile and being prone to getting subjected to frequent denial of human communication is found in all lahiris stories. erstwhile a person becomes subjected to denial of his or her communication right rights he feels a foreigner because he or she is not in his or her state (his or her real sense have been in a way been uprooted from him or her). Broken marriage like that of that Booli Ma makes her feel a foreigner. This is seen by the way she enumerated twice a day as she brush the stairwell she could remember of her plights and losses ever since she got deported to Calcutta after partition. Was it not for the item that she was a foreigner at Calcutta she could not have remembered all the bitter memories. Its due to the loneliness that she gets after being made a foreigner at Calcutta that she recalls all the good she had at her previous home. She goes ahead recalling her disengagement with her conserve, four daughters, her two-story brick house and her coffer boxes. Mirandas foreignness makes her so frightened that she holds her pinch as she walked passed along side Dixits house. She is so frightened that she regular compares this fear to the one that she felt as the school bus passed burial site (Lahiri, 97). From these exposures cited from lahiris stories, its clear that if one is subjected to being a foreigner he or she feels not accepted by the new environment. This is seen by how all characters mentioned above keep on recalling and reflecting their past at the places they originally belonged. To further elaborate this, lahiri once again points at the demeanour of mentioned in the beginning character who is Mrs. Sen. She gets married to Mr Sen. which implies that she had to be a foreigner at her husbands place. Once there she is obsessed by how people from her behaved. She points a scene before the wedding about how women would gather to prepare food. She states that it was hard for her to sleep listening to their chatter. She even goes ahead to ask Eliot if she screamed at nighttime whether anybody could help. If I began to scream right now at the top of my lung, would soul come? (jhumpa lahiri, 116). Like Mirando, her being in new environment makes her so afraid that she cant sleep. This makes her so homesick that she misses the community she had in India that which is defined by taking care of each other sooner than which she was now experiencing of being intrusive in the lives of others. Mrs. Sen also experiences difficulties in her foreign place in that she fear amply drives. Her ability to become distracted when crusade marks her as someone lost in her own world making less the cautious to the needs and safety of other drivers. In an attempt to negotiate the road as Eliots mother, she finds herself being a very careless driver who causes a minor accident to Eliot and herself. all in all this was caused by her being new to America. Again foreignness as a theme evidenced. The aspect of foreignness is somehow linked to change of behaviour traits of characters seen in her stories. Many characters find themselves changing their behaviours in an attempt to vary to their new environment (Lahiri, 126). For others its so wanting that they find themselves doing things that they posterior regret. An example is Miranda who made was ashamed of h erself for making love with Dev. The act disturbs her that when she has nonentity to do she goes to an Indian hotel and orders Indians food. She is so carried away by Indian phrase that she even wants to her name to an Indian one. It is clear then that people who are exposed to foreignness will evolve after having succumbed to their new culture. As represented by lahiri from two stories that were set from other stories, its clear that being a foreigner denies one a chance to fully express his thoughts. An example is taken from A Real Durwan and The Treatment of Bibi Hardar. In these two stories, the characters involved that is Boori Ma and Bibi Hardar are foreigners. They are used to show dichotomy carefulness and carelessness. To start with Boori Ma is described as a woman refugee who takes up man duties. The aspect of carelessness is seen when we first strike her inspecting her torn beddings for insects (Lahiri, 197). One of her neighbour took sympathy on her and asked i f she thought the neighbours would provide her some new bedding. Being a refugee it meant she was a foreigner and that is the neighbour took no interest in caring for her. Her on the other had being a care taker of the building took her time in sweeping the escalate twice a day and more still she kept shadowy people off the building . This shows how careful she was handling he neighbours patronage them not noticing her efforts. On the other hand, treatment of Bibi harder shows a completely different picture from that of A Real Durwan here, Bibi although vile from epilepsy was given attention by the whole of community the community continued with its support for her until her father died. Once that happened, her care was taken to her neglect cousin Hardar and his wife. This to her was foreignness due to the fact that her being taken care of belonged to her passed father. The death of her father made her a foreigner in her cousins care. Later on this foreignness made the people who used to take care of her neglect her. It is then clear that foreignness can subject an individual great suffering more one is a foreigner in a place where dichotomy is an issue (Lahiri, 201).ReferenceLahiri, Jhumpa. Interpreter of Maladies Stories. Boston Houghton Mifflin, 1999. Internet resource. root system document

Describe The Factors To Consider Essay

There are a number of factors to consider when promoting rough-and-ready communication. When using verbal communication with patients it is substantial to speak looking at them, speaking slowly and clearly and using simple language,. It is important to air that when working with patients with learning disabilities we lease made sure they welcome tacit what I have said. When speaking with colleagues or professionals the language I utilisation can be more complex and often I exit speak faster however most factors remain the same, it is still important that information given verbally is clear and concise. An example of this is when this is when I have mentored new staff I make sure I guggle over everything slowly and clearly and I also get wherefore to repeat some of that information back to lay out they have understood. verbally communicating in this way will differ dependant on weather I am talking on a iodin to one basis or to a group. If I am talking to a group I must rem ember to address everyone and non exclude anyone.When using non-verbal communication there are many polar factors to consider. For example, if I am slummed back in a chair, it may show that I am not interested in the conversation. Eye trace is also very important as this can show that I am engaged in the conversation, other things to consider would be commit gestures, body language and facial expressions, for example, if I frown or have my arms folded I may give a negative impression. in the end it is important to remember that for effective communication to take place it involves two parties to be engaged. Being able to listen well is vital in a two way conversations.

Street Children in Kathmandu

Chapter 1 Introduction1.1BackgroundThere ar estimated to be around 120 whizz million million baby birdren upkeep on the drive shipway in the world (30 million in Africa, 30 million in Asia, and 60 million in S pop outh America). practically victims of all kinds of revilement, these barbarianren still subscribe to responsibilitys. highway tiddlerren ar minors who be and run low on the tracks .The phenomenon of way boorren is multifaceted. It is in that locationfore very difficult to bingle out one or more ca physical exertions. Street shaverren atomic number 18 the naturalism world-wide and in Kathmandu valley alone, the numbers of route sisterren ar estimated some 1200 .The vast bulk of these kidskinren atomic number 18 illiterate boys hop ond between 10 and 18. They live sleep and work under the open sky and last without family support.They ar living with fri fetch ups and coadjutors, working as beggars and put on pickers. The reason for wherefore children end up in habilimentsationless in track is Socio-economic conditions in villages, family violence, consort influence, attraction towards the city, and political instability etc. When the children pass through with stepm former(a)s, family conflicts, poverty, lose of aw atomic number 18ness and orphanages some children left home in search of give a itinerary opportunities in the big cities and end up in course when they stupefy same peer group who gave up their dreams and started living on avenue. For natural selection they beg at first and when it is insufficient then they turn into turn and began to steal. They pull themselves to Glue sniffing to cut out hunger which is cheaper than other do drugss and food.In this way they started it to play as a toy which do them cruels, thieves, divided into group, made a hierarchy between them which leads crime syndicate fight and leadership. For earning some cuckold working class and victim to all types of evolutio n and sophisticate including sex. At this sentence some suffer from diseases or disorder by their drug wickedness and hunger.Those organizations who were working on path children rescue the children, the children started normal demeanor save due to the drug abusing habit and wishing of liberty they pull themselves over again on alley and start living as previous sustenance using the brain killing shopping centre. In this way route children end up their life by inner disease or illness or by hunger and those who were bring through live life as a civilize citizen with a bitter remembrance of past. 75% of street boys in Kathmandu argon victims of intimate abuse at the detainment of foreigners, locals and their peers.The children living or working on the streets in hazardous conditions, vile health, misfortunate opportunities, inadequacy of supervision or adequate c ar and picture and victims to all types of growth and abuse including on-going sexual abuse by ad ults, peers and physical and noetic abuse by volume in positions of authority. It is estimated that 75% of street boys suffer ongoing sexual abuse. Glue sniffing is prevalent in children as teenaged as five to stave hunger and encourage by peers. It is highly addictive and has frequent devastating consequences. Other children and young people suffer with alcohol and drug issues much(prenominal) as the use of injecting br experience sugar. Children on the street ar living in groups- small gangs following their accept rules with their own way of thinking and own way of living. Marginalized by nightclub they create their own system with their own power relations, hierarchy and values.As collector of rag pickers, beggars, street vendors, yard conductors they tiret contract domineering experiences or a positive photograph of the general public. They are considered as kind parasites, petty execrables, drug abusers and thieves. The vulgar language, dirty clothes and refusal of umteen neighborly constraints makes the public assume them to be anti friendly worlds. On the other hand the children themselves feel that they have no other choice scarcely to behave incompatiblely.Rejection from the fiat drives them to deny society and its rules. In spite of their young age, they are exposed to some of the castigate forms of exploitation and agitated to experience social exclusion day subsequently day. We all exist the feature that the street is non a galosh mystify to live, particularly for the children. Different kinds of endangerments are prevalent on the street.Traffic accidents, violence, crime, gang fights and demonstrations are very reciprocal. There are increasing number of crimes against children much(prenominal) as sexual abuse, commercial sexual exploitation, labor exploitation, and use of children for criminal activities. Likewise, exposure to drug use, alcoholism and shaky sexual activities has put their excerption at risk. Many of the street children were rescued by various organizations except due to drug abusing habit and lack of freedom they pull themselves on street and again act their life as street children.1.2 paradox StatementDue to the situation and the want of children they end up their home and started living in street for enjoyment and betterment of life merely they take flight on many an(prenominal) problem. The following are the problems facing by street childrens in Kathmandu1.2.1 Glue SniffingMore than 80% street children are accustomed to glue sniffing, which is the current trend among street children. It is cheap among other drug and easily addressable. It feel Confessed that they felt relax and playful, sleepy, without pain and hunger. 1.2.2Sexual AbuseSexual abuse is c formerlyal but a widely prevalent pain among them. No child is safe and aside from this cauldron of suffering. Approximately 99 per cent of them are physically and psychologically maltreat. Child sexual abus e may include fondling a childs genitals, masturbation, oral-genital contact, digital penetration, and vaginal and anal intercourse. The other ways a child can be abused with are plow physical contact, such as sex by exposures, voyeurism and child pornography, use of obscene language, as well referred to as non-contact abuse.1.2.3 ExploitationChildren living or working on the streets in hazardous conditions, poor health, poor opportunities , lack of supervision or adequate care and photo and victims to all types of exploitation and abuse including ongoing sexual abuse by adults, peers and physical and noetic abuse by people in positions of authority.1.2.4 Struggling with AIDSIt is well enter that street-based children share an surroundings and practices that make them vulnerable to human immunodeficiency virus infection. Furthermore, two autarkic tests conducted by an NGO in Kathmandu identified the existence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among this sub-populati on. In these tests, 25 out of 80 (31 part) street children were HIV positive, and 16 out of 32 (50 percent) high-risk street children were HIV positive.1.2.5 Nepali mentality to street childrenAs the street children are rag pickers, beggars, street vendors, tempo conductors they dont have positive experiences or a positive image of the general public. They are what people call Khate, a word, which once described rag pickers only but which is at a time used for line of business all those who work, live and sleep on the street. They are considered as social parasites, petty criminals, drug abusers and thieves.1.2.6 TraffickingMost of the street children are victim of trafficking .Many girls are trafficking into India and other countries for sex workers where as boys are trafficking for labor work.1.2.7 mendicityMost of the children beg for earning money. The money equanimous by begging used for food and for drug. Begging is the daily occupation of about one hundred children in Nepal. It is physically easier for these children be deliver they are not steeped in gar pedestale and fumes. Yet beggars suffer more from social isolation. Begging destroys any feelings of self esteem, which makes the children dangerously undervalue themselves.1.2.8 Lack of Basic necessitate (Food, Shelter and Clothing)Due to the lack of money and drug using habit street children suffer a lot for food, shelter and clothing.1.3 ObjectiveThe specific objectives of the study are mentioned below 1. To k immediately the problem facing by street children of Kathmandu. 2. To know how children came to live and work on street. 3. To know about the current supplying and act regarding child dear. 4. To know about the Glue Sniffing by Street Children in the Kathmandu.Chapter2 LITERATURE REVIEW2.1Problem Face by street children 2.1.1 Psychological and somatic AbusePerhaps the greatest risk faced by children living on street over which they have little or no control is their vulnerability to abuse. In particular street children face daily physical and psychosocial abuse which is so normalize d that the children themselves no longer question this situation. Psychosocial abuse encompasses all abuse which affects the child mentality or emotionally .The about important determining factor for the future ofchildren on the street is the environment on which they spend the majority of their clip. While they may visit organizations and have contact with social workers, family or other relatives, the reality is the close to of their time is spent with peer and with adults in the street environment.For children and adolescent, groups and gangs often play the nigh significant role in their socialization process of identity formation. At this time children are exposed to many risk behaviors which become normalized for them, composition society may look at many issues related to drugs and wrong in term of legal framework this often has little relevancy for street children. On the margins of society, many childrens experience of state and society is through encounter with the police. Arrested for no reason, without recognition of their inherent rights and abused by state body children are given little motivation to come in in society.2.1.2 Sexual AbusesChild sexual abuse may include fondling a childs genitals, masturbation, oral-genital contact, digital penetration, and vaginal and intercourse. These area ways in which a child can be abused with direct physical contact. Children can also be abused without physical contact, such as by exposure, voyeurism (getting sexual pleasure from watching naked children) and child pornography, use of obscene language also refer to as non-contact abuse. Children living in street are found to be at higher(prenominal) risk of being sexually exploited. Both boys and girls are vulnerable to sexual abuse. The conflict situation of the country has made the children, more vulnerable to trafficking, sexual abuse and exploitati on many case of physical and mental abuse, exploitation and torture faced by the children are not reported out of hesitation and are often oppressed due to pressure and power.However thither has been a rise in publishing of case on child abuse and exploitation. It reflects to the increasing concern of public towards child right. Studies on whom presents child sexual abuse differ in their findings but the most common finding is that majority of sexual offenders are family members or are otherwise known to the child. Research shows that men commit most instances of sexual abuse, but at that place are cases in which women are the offenders. Long term studies shows that children who are victims of child sexual abuse are most likely to be the perpetrators of rape, sexual abuse orto be snarly in physically abusive relationship. This trend is strong especially among street children.Example indigotins story, age 14 (name changed)-Anils family was not poor but when he was 11 years old his parents began to quarrel often and one day his baffle committed suicide. Within in a year his father fell down a well and also died and so Anil became orphan. Anils brother worked as a bus conductor and many of his friends lived on or near the street and so he withal started to live on the street. Anil began to develop difficult behavior, including substance abuse, and was arrested by the police many times. In the street he would be overcome by the public, street adults and others.Anil develop a very negative self-image and although he wanted to return home after some time he looked himself as Khate and was scared to go home to his sister. Anil realized street life is not good for his future but he also realizes that he cannot stay for a long time at home because he has become accustomed to the freedom of street life. He is now staying in CPCS and trying to slowly improve his behavior so that one day he will be able to stay at home.2.2 State provision and act for the rights of c hildren According the Interim Constitution of Nepal (2063)CHILDRENS RIGHTS Part 3 Fundamental RightsRights of children(1) Every child shall have the right to his or her own identity and name. (2) Every child shall have the right to be nurtured, to basic health and social security. (3) Every child shall have the right not to be subjected to physical, mental or any other form of exploitation. Any such act of exploitation shall be penal by law and any child so treated shall be compensated as determined by law. (4) Helpless, orphaned or mentally retarded children, children who are victims of conflict or displaced and street children at risk shall have the right to receive special privileges from the State to see to it their dear future. (5) No minor shall be employed in factories, mines or in any other hazardous work nor shall be used in army, police or in conflicts. 2.3Why children live and work on streetThe arriver of a child on the streets may represent an prompt finding on the part of the child, often in response to situations of serious rights violations at home. In context of Nepal verdant area cover more than of urban area, so mostly the children came to the city with a dream for the betterment of life due to family conflict, peer influenced etc but due to lack of proper physical exercise and guidance the children are compelled to make the street as shelter.Many of the underprivileged and discard street children come from several remote parts of the country and they ran away from their home due to domestic violence and poverty. However there roost so many causes that bring children on the street. Some common cause are family breakdown, poverty, urbanization and overcrowding, dislocation through migration and civil war, child labor, disoriented of family members, exploitation by adults, emotional abuse or neglect. For earning street children are pursue in begging on the street, trash picking, pick pocketing, rag picking, working in bars, restaura nts and tempo buses even some children are engaged in prostitution.How children end up homeless on the streets of Kathmandu41% of children leave home due to family violence 27% due to peer influence 19% due to economic factors 15% due to decomposition reaction of the family2.4 Glue Sniffing by Street ChildrenThose who might think these street kids are ignorant are wrong. They are actually inventors innovators of a cheap alternate(a) for intoxication, which is easily available in the market, sold in both drug stores and hardware stores. It is none other than a sticky adhesive gluten substance commonly known as dendrite solution. Most street children are now taking glue every day and quite frequently. The glue is a shoe glue, used by all shoe repairmen, and many garment or other product makers.In Nepal, it is unremarkably found in hardware shops, but can also be found in stationeries, or even bought from local street vendors, junkyards, etc meaning that it is readily available at every corner, and at nearly any time of the day and night. Though there exists many ways to inhale the glue solvent, Nepalistreet children use it mostly by dropping a certain(prenominal) quantity of glue inside a small plastic bag (milk bag), and by taking long deep breaths from the bag, a technique usually referred to as bagging.Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY3.1 Secondary dataIn this method different secondary source were used. They were Newspaper Magazines Journal report Books Internet SourceChapter 4 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION4.1Analysis and experienceationStreet children represent a phenomenon which appeal to peoples feelings and awake their sympathy. The hardship of street life should not be underestimated neither should it be of paramount interest in all coverage of street children. It is important not to neglect the abilities and resources street children possess.As a social work student it is becomes a prime responsibility to psychoanalyze and interpret the issue from several dimensions. Analyzing this paper Kathmandus street children is being exploited and abused in various ways. As we know the fact that the street is not safe place to live, many street children are compelled to survive in such palaces without proper food, cloth and shelter. Viewing the street childrens condition the following can be consider as the main problems Living or working on the street in hazardous conditionVictim to all type of exploitation and abuse include ongoing sexual abuse Glue sniffing Low life expectancy poor health Involve in criminal activities etcObjective 1 AnalysisAlthough there are various organizations working to reduce the exploitation and abuse of street children but the rate of children and abuse seem to be uncontrolled. There are many children who have been reintegrating by various NGOS and INGOS but the numbers of street children are similar due to the newly added children and the some older who again end up in street after the rescue due to the lac k of freedom they want in their foster home. While reviewing the problem of street children it was found that the problems emerge from the family and form the society as well. Children who are orphans and poor came to live on street and they are compelled to face mental and physical problems.Objective 2 AnalysisIlliteracy and poverty are factor, especially in rural areas, which result in lack of sentiency. Families gave birth to the many children and unable to fill their basic needs such as food, clothing, home and education. These issues often force the children to suffer from exploitation. For these reasons they are bound to roam in the street to survive. however the society has given them a nick name and discrimination against them. For living, most of the children collect rags such as food waste, plastics, bottles, metals and paper found in garbage of residential area, around market and on river banks and in dumping sides.They dispense their rags to local junkyard to make their day to day living. Some beg to survive while other has no set work taking fooling jobs as porter or dish washer or come through into criminal activities such as shoplifting and pick-pocketing. We analyze street children are the integral part of the urban problem, which is directly linked with the growing issues of migration and poverty. As we have observed last 10 years, the problem of street children has increase with grown of urbanization. Therefore, if this problem is to properly overcome, no urban development or child development program should forget to cover these children. As we analyze the livelihood of street children they are compelled to live in hazardous place with physical and mental exploitation.Objective 3 AnalysisThere is various state provision and laws to ensure street children but the problems and street children are same due to the lack of implementation of such provision by government. Due to the lack of thoughtlessness toward street children by governm ent our societies also exploits the children mentally and physically. The following are the problems faced by children due to the worthless policy of street children contrast Exploitation Abuse Child laborThe problem of child abuse in Nepal is made worse by a gap in Nepalese legislation which does not recognize sexual abuse of boys. The problem, legally, simply does not exist. The children have slipped through a fractured safety net in Nepalese society thats a living tragedy and a spectacular future problem that many choose to ignore.Objective 4 AnalysisAlmost all street children were addicted to glue sniffing because of hunger and the influence of friends. About 95 percent of street children were using glue, and it would not take much to introduce the habit to the remaining 5 percent, it said. Glue sniffing is the most dangerous addiction suffering by street children. Mostly the children were addicted, because the sniffing of glue made them confident to commit criminal activities a nd to avoid hunger. Most of the children beg money to purchase the glue.Chapter 5 SOCIAL WORK INTERVENTION5.1 Area of social work interventionWhenever there emerges a social problem in a society, the professional social workers and social work students should take their initiatives to tackle that crisis. In case of ensuring street children with their right social worker should take the various intervention techniques to collect the status of street children.1. Support a protective environment in the street and children workplace 2. Establishing a referral system with localorganizations which provide different services like legal aid, health care, drugs rehabilitation, and awareness campaign. 3. Pressurizing government for the potent monitoring regarding the wrong practice still prevailed in Nepalese society. 4. serving government to create sound public policies, a holistic come up and long-term commitment. 5. Improving co-ordination amongst donors and support for street children organizing at the national and world(prenominal) level. 6. Children experience barriers in almost every aspect of work. Employment opportunities urgency to be improved. At the same time children perform the bulk of outstanding care work. This is an area for greater attention. 7. Advocating on behalf of childrens for ensuring and safeguarding their right. 8. Advocacy efforts should be strengthened by coordination and collaboration between civil society organizations. 9. amplify children as the main actors in realizing the rights of street involved children through their active participation and building their resilience and capacity to protect themselves Chapter 6 Conclusion6.1 ConclusionLook into a childs eyes and you are sure to see a sweet innocence that makes us all smile and want to cherish. Its a universal feeling we all share no depicted object our race, creed or religion. But it is difficult when you look into a childs eyes and see pain, loss, suffering, hate and someth ing dark. Something so woeful in their eyes that make us looks away out of fear along with guilt for not questioning why they are like that. The majority of street children share background of family poverty, lack of education opportunities, and broken families. Without family applaud and guidance, street children face a very hard life in streets. They are vulnerable to all kind of abuse, exploitation and exposure to criminal activities that are the hazards of the urban street life.There are many activities established to enkindle childs right and prevent child exploitation but they have not been fully successful in increasing awareness and improving the situation of children. The life of all street childrens is go through from same problems though various NGOS and INGOS are still working for it. The street is not safe for the children to live. Different kinds of risk are prevalent onthe street. Traffic accidents, violence, crime, gang fights and demonstration are very common. Th ere are increasing number of crime such as sexual abuse, labor exploitation and use of children for criminal activities. Likewise exposure for drug use, alcoholism, and unsafe sexual activities has put their survival at risk. Many of street children were rescued by various organizations but due to drug abusing and lack of freedom they want they again pull themselves on street and again continue their life as street children.Chapter 7 RecommendationsNational child protection and child welfare systems that are sensitive to the rights of street children to care and protection are needed, and should be adequately funded to operate effectively. All actors within these systems (police, judiciary, health stave and social workers) need to be trained on the rights of street involved children and how to treat them in non-violent ways. Civil society organizations need to support residential area responses to child protection and childrens participation, and facilitate their linkage with natio nal child protection systems. Government and civil society organizations should collaborate on the plaque of standards and good practices for government and non-government agencies that work with street involved children. Programmers need to be based on a clear understanding, gained from participatory research, of the experiences of different subgroups of street-involved children, the environments in which they live and the people with whom they interact.

Presentation of the Kite Runner Essay

INTRODUCTIONThis paper copes with the analysis of Hosseinis kite Runner using Marxism approach. Marxist anticipate primary(prenominal)ly deals with the literary works and evaluates the works by the examining of its historical, companionable and e conomical background. Marxism evaluates the work how it is influenced by the time in which it was produced as well as favorable, policy-making, economical surface atomic number 18a (Chowdhury, 2011). Thus, this paper will focus on (1) The Marxist Approach To The Kite Runner (2) The relationship among characters as a government agency of the differences between social socio-economic classes (3) The relationship between Baba and Ali facilitate as a prototype physicalism versus spirituality (4) Baba as the representation of economic forefinger in his fiat in the period of time and (5) Cultural and political hegemony as representation of situation in Afghanistan.1.The Marxist Approach To The Kite RunnerThe redness approach to lite rature is based on the philosophy of Karl Marx, a German philosopher and economist. His major argument was that whoever controlled the means of production in purchase order controlled the societywhoever owned the eventories owned the culture. This idea is c bothed dialectical materialism, and Marx felt that the hi degree of the human was leading toward a communist society. From his point of view, the means of production (i.e., the undercoat of power in society) would be placed in the hands of the masses, who truly operated them, not in the hands of those few who owned them. It was a perverted version of this philosophy that was at the heart of the Soviet Union.Marxism was also the mass meeting cry of the poor and oppressed all told over the world (Kurtz). To withdraw a work from a Marxist perspective, hotshot must empathise that Marxism asserts that literature is a reection of culture, and that culture fanny be affect by literature (Marxists believed literature could in stigate revolution). Marxism is linked to Freudian surmisal by its concentration on the subconsciousFreud dealt with the individual subconscious, while Marx dealt with the political subconscious. Marx believed that oppression exists in the political subconscious of a societysocial pecking orders atomic number 18 inherent to any aggroup of sight. The four main areas of believe are economic power materialism versus spirituality class conict art, literature, and ideologies.2.The relationship among characters as a representation of the differences between social classes On the beginning of the wise, Hosseini briefly contrasted the uplifted class layer from low class layer in several ways. a.From physical appearance of the characters.Baba and Ali.Baba and Ali are often different. Baba was a strong, and powerful man. It was Rahim Khan who first referred to him as what eventually became Babas famous nickname, _Toophan agha_, or Mr. Hurricane. It was an apt enough nickname. My fathe r was a coerce of nature, a towering Pashtun specimen with a thick beard, a obdurate crop of curly brown hair as unruly as the man himself, hands that looked capable of uprooting a willow tree, and a blackamoor glare that would drop the devil to his knees begging for mercy, as Rahim Khan apply to offer. At vocalismies, when all six-foot-five of him thundered into the room, attention shifted to him similar sunflowers turning to the sun (ch.3). Ali was a weak, flawed and men. But polio had go forth Ali with a twisted, atrophied safe leg that was sallow skin over b i with little in between yet a paper-thin layer of muscle (ch.2), in opposite hand, the novel states that Alis face and his walk frightened some of the young children in the neighborhood. But the real trouble was with the older kids (ch.2). emir and HasanPhysically, ameer and Hassan were different. Though amir was older than Hassan, but Hassan was stronger than amir. Hassan can run faster than Amir. When they w ere ladder to catch the kite one twenty-four hours, Amir looked very tired. They called him flat-nosed because of Ali and Hassans characteristic Hazara Mongoloid features. For years, that was all I knew ab break through the Hazaras, that they were Mogul descendants, and that they looked a little like Chinese flock (ch.2)Sofia Akrami and SanaubarSofia Akrami, Babas wife (Amirs mother) was from a rich family. When people scoffed that Baba would never marry wellafter all, he was not of royal bloodhe wedded my mother, Sofia Akrami, a highly educated fair sex universally regarded as one of capital of Afghanistans nigh respected, beautiful, and virtuous ladies. And not just now did she teach virtuous Farsi literature at the university she was a descendant of the royal family, a fact that my father playfully rubbed in the skeptics faces by referring to her as my princess (ch.3). Sanaubar, Alis wife, was a beautiful woman. a beautiful but notoriously unscrupulous woman who lived up to her dishonorable reputation. Like Ali, she was a Shia Muslim and an pagan Hazara. She was also his first cousin and therefore a natural alternative for a spouse.But beyond those similarities, Ali and Sanaubar had little in common, least of all their respective appearances. While Sanaubars brilliant green eyes and tight face had, rumor has it, tempted countless men into sin, Ali had a congenital paralysis of his lower facial muscles, a condition that rendered him unable to smile and left him perpetually grimfaced. It was an odd thing to see the stone-faced Ali happy, or sad, because only his non-white brown eyes glinted with a smile or welled with sorrow. People say that eyes are windows to the soul. Never was that more true than with Ali, who could only produce himself through his eyes. I have heard that Sanaubars apocalyptic stride and oscillating hips sent men to reveries of infidelity (ch.2).b.Tribes difference.Hosseini exposes deuce different tribes between Pasthuns an d Hazara in some points of view. Oppression of Pasthuns to Hazara. Pasthuns is a high class layer while Hazara is a low class layer. This can be shown from the citations as follow An entire chapter dedicated to Hassans people In it, I read that my people, the Pashtuns, had persecuted and oppressed the Hazaras. It verbalize the Hazaras had tried to uprise against the Pashtuns in the nineteenth century, but the Pashtuns had quelled them with unspeakable violence. The book express that my people had killed the Hazaras, driven them from their lands, burned their homes, and sold their women. The book verbalise part of the rea countersign Pashtuns had oppressed the Hazaras was that Pashtuns were Sunni Muslims, while Hazaras were Shia (ch.2).The insulting to Hazara.As it has been pointed discover that Hazara was low class layer, Hazaras people were placed as a minority and they were mostly insulted by people around them. Ali, who belongs to Hazara, was chased by children around. They chased him on the street, and mocked him when he hobbled by. Some had fathern to calling him _Babalu_, or Boogeyman (ch.2). Hassan, who was known as Alis son, was very often insulted by his neighbours when he walked with Amir. Amir says that It also say some things I did know, like that people called Hazaras _mice-eating, flat-nosed, load-carrying donkeys_. I had heard some of the kids in the neighborhood bellow those names to Hassan. Amirs teacher even said that Thats the one thing Shia people do well, he said, select up his papers, passing themselves as martyrs.He wrinkled his nose when he said the word Shia, like it was some kind of disease (ch.2). Assef actually hated Hazara people. In another occasion, when he met Amir dan Hassan, Assef strictly said to Hassan His blue eyes flicked to Hassan. Afghanistan is the land of Pashtuns. It always has been, always will be. We are the true Afghans, the pure Afghans, not this Flat-Nose here. His people pollute our homeland, our watan . They dirty our blood. He angrye a sweeping, grandiose gesture with his hands. Afghanistan for Pashtuns, I say. Thats my imaging (ch.5). Amir and Hassan, on one day walked around and met Assef on the way. Assef says to Amir How can you talk to him, play with him, let him touch you? he said, his vox dripping with disgust. Wali and Kamal nodded and grunted in agreement. Assef narrowed his eyes. Shook his head. When he spoke again, he sounded as baffled as he looked. How can you call him your acquaintanceship? _But hes not my friend_ I almost blurted. _Hes my servant_ Had I really thought that? (ch.5).3.The relationship between Baba and Ali serve as representation materialism versus spirituality.Materialism refers to desire for wealth and material possessions, while spiritualism refers to a philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism, that claims transcendency of the forebode being (Empi, 2009). Hosseini opposites two characters between Baba and Ali. Baba is materialism as utter in the novel that Baba says that If theres a God out there, accordingly I would hope he has more important things to attend to than my drink scotch or eating pork. Now, hop down. tout ensemble this talk close sin has made me thirsty again (ch. 3). Baba also just only interested to talk about business, politics and football as the primeval topics on conversation with his friends in his room one day as verbalize that Baba and his friends reclined on black leather chairs there after Ali had served dinner. They stuffed their pipesexcept Baba always called it fattening the pipeand discussed their favorite three topics politics, business, soccer (ch.2).When Amir told Baba about religious teaching of Islam at school that they learnt about Quran, Baba said to Amir that I see youve confused what youre learning in school with actual education, he said in his thick congresswoman (ch.3). Baba also said to Amir that Youll never learn anything of value from those rim idiots (ch.3). In con trast, Ali is a religious man who had memorized the Koran. (ch.3). In addition, it is cited that Hassans father, Ali, used to catch us and get mad, or as mad as someone as gentle as Ali could ever get.He would wag his finger and wave us down from the tree. He would take the mirror and tell us what his mother had told him, that the devil shone mirrors too, shone them to distract Muslims during prayer. And he laughs while he does it, he always added, scowling at his son (ch.2). Furthermore, Ali and Hassan were religiously to Islamic Teaching, and he never left for praying. One day Amir got up late and found Hassan had already washed up, prayed the first nimbleness _namaz_with Ali(ch.4). Hassan never missed any of the five daily prayers. Even when we were out playing, hed excuse himself, draw water from the well in the yard, wash up, and disappear into the hut (ch.4)4.Baba as the representation of economic power in his society in the period of time. In Marxist theory society is divid ed into two classes based economical point of view. They are the upper class/bourgeoisies and the lower class/labors/proletarians (Darma, 2013). Hosseini exposes the economic power characters in the novels in several points. Hoseini symbolizes Baba and Ali as the bourgeoisies and proletarians. Baba was a rich man. He has the most beautiful residence in capital of Afghanistan, while Alis house is small. It is stated in the novel that Everyone agreed that my father, my Baba, had built the most beautiful house in the Wazir Akbar Khan district, a new and affluent neighborhood in the northern part of Kabul. Some thought it was the prettiest house in all of Kabul (ch.2).On the contrary, Ali was a poor man which worked only for Baba as a servant. His house was small and lied behind Babas house. The novel states that On the south end of the garden, in the shadows of a loquat tree, was the servants home, a modest little mud hut where Hassan lived with his father. (ch.2) Baba was a successfu l businessman. When people around doubted him on his success, he run a business and he became a successful merchant in Kabul as stated that Baba proved them all wrong by not only running his own business but becoming one of the richest merchants in Kabul Baba and Rahim Khan built a wildly successful carpet-exporting business, two pharmacies, and a restaurant (ch.3). Baba also built an orphanage by his own cash to show his economic power.The novel stated that In the late 1960s, when I was five or six, Baba decided to build an orphanage. I heard the story through Rahim Khan (ch.3) Baba paid for the construction of the two-story orphanage, just off the main strip of Jadeh Maywand south of the Kabul River, with his own money (ch.3). Bourgeoisies way of life-time was alike to hedonism. It was stated in the novel that In 1933, the year Baba was born(p) and the year Zahir Shah began his forty-year reign of Afghanistan, two brothers, young men from a loaded and reputable family in Kabu l, got behind the wheel of their fathers hybridizing roadster. High on hashish and _mast_ on French wine, they struck and killed a Hazara husband and wife on the road to Paghman (ch.4).5.Cultural and political hegemony as representation of situation in Afghanistan. According to Encarta English Dictionary (2009), hegemony is authority or control control or dominating influence by one person or group, especially by one political group over society or one nation over others. Hosseini describes the hegemony in culture and politics was presented in several way of his works The Kite Runner. a.Cultural Hegemony. The Pasthuns controlled Hazara by forbidding them to come to school. Hazaras people were identical with iliteral and servant of Pasthuns. This was represented in the novel that Hassan will do anything some(prenominal) Amir asked him. Amir was very often asked Hassan to do something impossibly. It stated in the novel that Eat dirt if I told you to, I said (ch.6).In addition, most Hazara people were servants, Amir says that I remember one kid, Ahmad, who lived crossways the street from us. His father was some kind of doctor, I think. Every break of the day , I watched from my bedroom window as their Hazara servant shoveled snow from the driveway, clean the way for the black Opel (ch.6). Afghans were independent people. Pasthuns controlled Hazara in all aspects. b.Political hegemony. This was represented in Assef statement that Ill ask the president to do what the king didnt have the quwat to do. To rid Afghanistan of all the dirty, kasseef Hazaras (ch.5). In addition, Assef also ever told Amir that For a lot of Hazaras, Iran represented a sanctuary of sortsI guess because, like Hazaras, most Iranians were Shia Muslims. But I remembered something my teacher had said that summer about Iranians, that they were grinning smooth talkers who patted you on the back with one hand and picked your pocket with the other (ch.6).REFERENCESChowdhury, M. A. U. (2011). The Kite Runner in the light of Marxism. Retrieved 25 January, 2013, from http//jottify.com/works/the-kite-runner-in-the-light-of-marxism/Darma, Budi. (2013). Handout of Literary Criticism on Marxism. Presented on the P2TK class on Program Pasca Sarjana UNESA.Empi, Varun. (2009). Materialism Vs Spiritualism. Retrieved on January 24, 2013, from http//www.slideshare.net/varun_empi/varun-materialismHosseini, K. (2003). The Kite Runner. bran-new York Riverhead Books.Kuntz, K. Teaching Khaled Hosseinis from Multiple Critical Perspectives. Retrieved on January 24, 2013 from http//www.prestwickhouse.com/PDF/SAMPLE/305052.pdfMicrosoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.